learn-ai-finance-with-phoebe / Builder session 1 of 10
Learn AI + Finance with Phoebe · Builder track · Session 1 of 10

AI foundations for finance: what it really does with your numbers

Before any close copilot or forecast, one honest hour: what a large language model is genuinely good at in finance, where it quietly lies, and the two rails that keep you out of trouble. By the end you can tell a trustworthy AI output from a plausible-looking one - the single most valuable skill in this whole track.

🟢 Builder track Practitioners: analysts · FP&A · accounting · treasury ChatGPT or Claude · no ML degree needed Start here
0-3 · Welcome 3-18 · What AI does with numbers 18-42 · Build-along: grounded vs ungrounded 42-45 · Q&A
Part 0

How this track works

Ten sessions, all hands-on, all on real finance work. Tonight you learn what the tool actually is; then b2 teaches prompting for analysis, b3 builds the flagship month-end close copilot with a live lever simulator, and b4-b10 add forecasting, board-ready narrative, Excel, document Q&A, risk, markets, and a safe path to production. You do not need to code or know machine learning - if you can write a clear email and read a P&L, you can do every session. Two rails run through all ten, starting now.

Live - presented in session Self-study - read after class ★ Try it now prompt Official sources covered
★ What you walk out with today A clear mental model of what an LLM can and cannot be trusted to do with financial data, a two-rail safety habit (data-privacy + assist-not-decide) you will use every session, a side-by-side demo of a fabricated answer versus a grounded one, and your own one-page "AI ground rules" for your finance team.
Part 1 · covers Coursera "Intro to AI for Finance" + Columbia/WSP AI literacy

What an LLM actually is - for a finance brain 6 min live

A large language model is a very good next-word predictor trained on a huge slice of text. That one fact explains everything useful and everything dangerous about it in finance. It is a language engine, not a calculator - so it is brilliant at drafting, reasoning, and structuring, and untrustworthy at silent arithmetic. The whole skill is knowing which is which.

Draft & summarize commentary, memos, emails - trust, then edit Reason over YOUR data explain what you give it Extract & structure pull fields from a contract or invoice Raw arithmetic ✗ do NOT trust silent math - use a tool The rule: give it the numbers, make it show its work, and you check the math.
🔍 Click to zoom - the finance reliability map: three greens you can trust, one gold you must verify
LiveWhy it fabricates numbers - and why that is not a bug you can prompt away3 min▶

The model generates the most likely-sounding continuation, not the true one. Ask "what was Q3 revenue?" with no data attached and it will happily produce a confident, well-formatted, completely invented figure - because a plausible number is a likely continuation. This is called a hallucination, and in finance it is the whole ballgame.

  • It is probabilistic, not factual. No database lookup is happening unless you connect one. Confidence in the output tells you nothing about accuracy.
  • Arithmetic is text prediction too. "127.4 + 89.1 =" is answered by pattern, not a calculator. It is often right on simple sums and quietly wrong on messy ones. Never let it do the math unseen.
  • The fix is grounding, not scolding. "Please be accurate" does nothing. Giving it the actual numbers, and asking it to reason over them and show its steps, does almost everything.
★ Try it now (any chat AI) - watch it inventWhat was Apple's total revenue in the most recent quarter, to the exact dollar? Answer with a single precise figure and no caveats.
Real world

The board pack that cited a number that never existed. An analyst asked a chatbot to "summarize our Q2 performance" and pasted only the narrative, not the numbers. The model filled the gaps with confident, invented figures that flowed straight into a draft board slide. Caught in review - barely. The lesson that opens this course: an ungrounded finance answer is fiction with good formatting.

Self-studyThe can / cannot table - pin this to your monitor2 min read▶
Trust it to...Never trust it to (without a tool + check)
Draft variance commentary from numbers you supplyRecall a specific figure from memory
Explain a concept, standard, or ratioDo multi-step arithmetic silently
Restructure, summarize, and translate textCite a source it was not given
Extract fields from a document you attachKnow anything after its training cutoff
Draft and explain a formulaBe your system of record

Everything in the left column shows up as a build-along later in the track. Everything on the right is why sessions b3, b6, and b10 lean on tools, spreadsheets, and verification instead of the model's own head.

Part 2 · covers IE + AIFPA tool surveys, enterprise vs consumer

The finance AI tool landscape, 2026 5 min live

"Should I use ChatGPT or Copilot?" is the wrong first question. The right one is: is this tool safe for the data I am about to put in it? There are three layers, and the line between them is a privacy line, not a quality line.

Embedded copilots Excel Copilot · Datarails · ERP & close-tool copilots Enterprise chat ChatGPT Enterprise · Claude Team · Copilot M365 - not trained on your data Consumer chat ChatGPT Free/Plus · Claude Free · Gemini - fast, but check retention + training The privacy line Real financials, MNPI, client PII → enterprise or local tools only. Public/synthetic data → consumer is fine. Same model quality across layers - what changes is where your data goes.
🔍 Click to zoom - three tool layers, one privacy line that decides which you may use
LiveConsumer vs enterprise - the setting that matters most3 min▶

The capability gap between a free chatbot and its enterprise tier is small. The data-governance gap is enormous, and it is the only thing your risk team cares about.

  • Consumer tiers may retain conversations and, depending on settings, use them to improve models. Fine for public filings, concepts, and synthetic data - never for real financials.
  • Enterprise tiers (ChatGPT Enterprise, Claude Team/Enterprise, Copilot for M365) contractually do not train on your data, add admin controls, SSO, and retention settings. This is the tier your firm should license before anyone touches real numbers.
  • Embedded copilots live inside Excel, your ERP, or an FP&A tool like Datarails - convenient and governed by that vendor's terms. Read them the same way.
One-question test before you paste "If this text leaked publicly tomorrow, is that fine?" Yes → any tool. No → enterprise or local only. That single question is rail one, and it never relaxes.
Self-studyThe 2026 landscape at a glance2 min read▶
  • General assistants: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Microsoft Copilot - the workhorses for drafting, analysis-over-supplied-data, and Q&A.
  • In-suite: Copilot in Excel/Word/Teams, Gemini in Google Workspace - AI where your work already lives (session b6).
  • FP&A + finance-native: Datarails, Vena, Planful and ERP vendors are shipping copilots for forecasting, close, and reporting.
  • The market signal: 59% of finance functions already use some AI, and nearly 4 in 5 CFOs plan to deploy generative AI within 24 months. The question at your firm is no longer "if" but "governed how".
Part 3 · the safety habit every later session assumes

The two rails: privacy, and assist-not-decide 4 min live

Everything else in this course is technique. These two rails are non-negotiable, and they are what separates a finance professional using AI well from a headline about a finance professional who used it badly.

LiveRail 1 - the data-privacy line2 min▶

Never paste material non-public information (MNPI), client PII, or unpublished financials into a consumer AI tool. This is not caution for its own sake - it is securities law, data-protection law (PDPA, GDPR), and your firm's confidentiality obligations, all at once. Use the enterprise or local path for anything real.

Real world

Samsung's ban. Engineers pasted confidential source code into a consumer chatbot to debug it; the company banned generative AI on internal machines within weeks. The finance equivalent - pasting a pre-release earnings table to "help write the commentary" - is worse, because it can also be insider-information mishandling. Rail one exists so you never make that headline.

LiveRail 2 - AI assists, the licensed human decides2 min▶

AI drafts, suggests, and flags. A qualified human reviews and owns every number, filing, credit decision, and piece of advice that leaves the building. Nothing in this course is investment, tax, accounting, or legal advice, and no workflow here makes an automated decision about a person's money without a human in the loop.

  • Accountability does not transfer to the model. "The AI said so" is not a defence to an auditor, a regulator, or a client.
  • Regulators are watching the claim, too. The SEC has penalised "AI-washing" - overstating what your AI does. Be as honest externally as you are internally.
  • Design for it. Every workflow you build gets a review step. In b3 that is a human sign-off on the variance narrative; in b8 it is a human decision on every flagged item.
Say it out loud once "AI assists, I decide, I own it." That sentence is the spine of the entire builder track. If a vendor pitch or a colleague's shortcut violates it, that is your cue to slow down.
Demo 1 of 2

Ungrounded vs grounded - see the fabrication die ★ 12 min · everyone builds

The single most important habit in the course, in one experiment. Ask the same analytical question twice - once from the model's memory, once with the actual numbers attached - and watch a confident invention become a checkable answer.

Open any chat AI. Pick a small, non-confidential number set: a public company's headline figures, or make up a tiny 6-line P&L. Keep it safe for a consumer tool (rail one).

Ungrounded ask: without pasting any data, ask it to "explain the main driver of the change in operating margin this quarter, with the numbers". Note how specific - and how invented - the figures are.

Grounded ask: paste your actual number set, then ask the same question - and add "use only the numbers I gave you, show the subtraction, and say 'not in the data' if something is missing".

Compare. The grounded answer ties to your figures, shows its arithmetic so you can check it, and admits gaps. That delta - fiction to checkable - is the value of everything that follows.

Now stress it: remove one number it needs and re-run the grounded prompt. A good prompt makes it say "not in the data" instead of inventing. That is the behaviour you will engineer on purpose in b2.

Prompt A - ungrounded (produces confident fiction)Explain the main driver of the change in our operating margin this quarter, with the specific numbers.
★ Prompt B - grounded (produces a checkable answer)Here is our data (use ONLY these numbers): Revenue: Q2 4,120 Q1 3,880 COGS: Q2 2,610 Q1 2,380 Operating expenses: Q2 980 Q1 990 Explain the main driver of the change in operating margin from Q1 to Q2. Rules: use only the numbers above, show every subtraction and the margin math step by step so I can check it, and if something needed is missing say "not in the data" rather than estimating.
Why this is demo one Every later session is a variation on "ground it, make it show its work, verify". Close copilot (b3), forecasting (b4), and reporting (b5) are this same move on bigger data. Learn it once tonight.
Demo 2 of 2

Write your team's one-page AI ground rules ★ 10 min · build your own

A reusable artifact you will actually keep: a short, concrete "how our finance team uses AI" card. You draft it with the AI, then you edit it - which is itself rail two in miniature.

Give the AI the two rails and your context: team, tools you have licensed (or not), and the data types you handle (management accounts, client data, MNPI).

Ask for a one-page card with three sections: Green light (safe uses + tools), Red light (never do this), and Always (verify math, human sign-off, cite the source data).

Edit it hard. Cut anything vague, add your firm's actual tool names and approvers. The AI draft is 70%; your judgement is the 30% that makes it real - and the 30% that matters.

Save it where your team will see it. You will refine it again in the leader track's session a3 (governance) and the builder finale b10 (production).

★ The ground-rules promptDraft a one-page "AI ground rules" card for a corporate finance team. Context: we handle management accounts and some client PII; we have licensed [Claude Team / ChatGPT Enterprise / nothing yet - pick one]. Build it around two rails: 1) Privacy: real financials, MNPI, and client PII go only in enterprise/local tools. 2) AI assists, a qualified human decides and owns the output. Format: three short lists - Green light (safe uses + which tool), Red light (never), and Always (verify the math, human sign-off, cite source data). Plain language, no jargon, fits on one page.
Real world

The card that unblocked a team. A controller's group was frozen - half afraid of AI, half already pasting into free chatbots. A one-page card like this, agreed in a 30-minute meeting, replaced fear and free-for-all with a shared green light. Adoption went up and risk went down, because "what's allowed" stopped being a guess.

Homework

Try it yourself - this week ◐ 30-45 min total

Source material

Official sources covered

This track teaches from public finance-AI curricula and vendor documentation. Certificates, graded assessments, and paid tooling stay with the official programs - all noted honestly. This session covers:

✓Coursera - Introduction to AI for Finance ProfessionalsPart 1 · AI fundamentals, opportunities, and limitations
✓Columbia x Wall Street Prep - AI for Business & Finance (literacy)Part 1 · what LLMs are and are not, in a finance context
◐IE + FP&A Institute (AIFPA) - tool surveysPart 2 · consumer vs enterprise vs embedded; full FP&A depth in b4
✓Data-handling + AI-washing guidance (PDPA/GDPR, SEC)Part 3 · the two rails, sourced in the course map
Check yourself

Three questions before you go 🎯 ◐ 90 seconds

1 · You ask a chatbot "what was our Q3 revenue?" with no data attached. It gives a precise figure. What do you know?

An LLM predicts likely text, not true facts. With no data attached, a precise figure is a hallucination with good formatting. Ground it, then verify.

2 · You need to draft variance commentary from your real, pre-release management accounts. Which tool is acceptable?

Rail one. Real, non-public financials go only into enterprise or local tools. The capability is similar across tiers; the data-governance is not.

3 · What is the reliable fix for an AI that fabricates or fumbles numbers?

Scolding does nothing; grounding does almost everything. Supply the numbers, make the steps visible, and keep a human check. That is the whole track in one line.

Builder session 1 cheat sheet · pin this

An LLM isa next-word predictor - a language engine, not a calculator. Great at words, risky at silent math.
Hallucinationconfident, plausible, invented output. Confidence ≠ accuracy. Ungrounded finance answers are fiction with formatting.
The universal fixground it (give the data) → make it show its work → you verify the math. Every session is a variation on this.
Trust it todraft, summarize, reason over data you supply, extract from documents, explain formulas.
Never trust uncheckedrecalled figures, silent arithmetic, sources it was not given, anything past its training cutoff.
Rail 1 - privacyMNPI, client PII, unpublished financials → enterprise or local tools only. "Would a leak be fine?"
Rail 2 - assist not decideAI drafts, a licensed human decides and owns it. Nothing here is advice; no auto-decisions on people's money.
Next sessionb2 - prompting for financial analysis: turn a vague ask into a reliable, checkable output on purpose.