learn-ai-finance-with-phoebe / Builder session 5 of 10
Learn AI + Finance with Phoebe · Builder track · Session 5 of 10

Reporting & narrative generation: turn reconciled numbers into words the board trusts

Numbers-to-narrative is the single biggest time-saver AI offers finance - variance commentary, MD&A, exec summaries, board bullets. Tonight you build a board-grade variance commentary and an exec summary draft, both grounded in numbers you supply, both edited by you. The number was always the hard part; the write-up should stop eating your evenings.

🟡 Builder track Practitioners: FP&A · controllership · IR ChatGPT or Claude 45 min
0-3 · Why this 3-20 · Numbers to board-grade narrative 20-40 · Build-along: commentary + exec summary 40-45 · Wrap
Part 0

Where the evenings actually go

You closed the month. The numbers are reconciled and right. Then you spend three hours writing them up - the variance commentary, the exec summary, the board bullets - saying almost the same things you said last month with different figures. That write-up is exactly what a grounded LLM is good at: it is a language task over data you supply, not silent arithmetic. This is the highest-leverage, lowest-risk AI use in the whole function, as long as you keep the two rails from b1 and edit the draft yourself.

Live - presented in session Self-study - read after class ★ Try it now prompt Official sources covered
★ What you walk out with today A board-ready variance commentary drafted from a variance bridge you supply and then edited by you, a clean exec summary drafted from a small management pack with the filler stripped and the "so what" fixed, and a reusable house-style prompt that keeps every future write-up structured, grounded, and in your firm's voice.
Part 1 · covers CFI AI-enhanced analysis + Coursera GenAI Essentials

The killer use-case: numbers to narrative 6 min live

Survey after survey, the reporting write-up is the task finance teams most want to hand to AI - and the one where the payoff is fastest. The numbers are already done and checked; the model is only turning them into sentences. That framing matters: you are not asking it to know anything, you are asking it to phrase what you already know. The human owns the final word, always.

Reconciled numbers already checked Grounded prompt numbers + structure AI draft fast first pass, 70% there Human edit cut filler, fix the "so what" Final board-ready Human owns the final step The model phrases what you already know - it does not know your results.
🔍 Click to zoom - reconciled numbers to a grounded prompt to a draft to your edit to final; the human owns the last step
LiveFour write-ups, one move3 min▶

MD&A, variance commentary, the exec summary, and board-deck bullets look like four jobs. They are one move done at four lengths: take reconciled numbers, explain what changed, why, and what it means, in the right voice for the reader. AI drafts all four fast once you feed it the numbers and the structure. Your job shifts from typing to judging.

  • Variance commentary - the line-by-line story of actual vs plan/prior. Most repetitive, biggest time win.
  • MD&A - the management discussion around the statements. Longer, more standardised, style-sensitive.
  • Exec summary - the one-screen "so what" for leadership. Ruthless compression is the whole skill.
  • Board bullets - the deck version. Decision-relevant, no throat-clearing.
Why the payoff is real and safe The numbers are already reconciled, so there is no arithmetic to trust the model with. It is a pure language task over supplied data - the exact quadrant b1 said to trust. Low risk, high hours saved.
Part 2 · covers CFI analysis + Coursera GenAI Essentials prompting

Techniques that make it board-grade 5 min live

A generic prompt gives you generic prose - the vague, padded paragraphs everyone recognises as "written by AI". Board-grade output comes from five deliberate moves. Each one trades a bit of prompt effort for a draft that needs far less editing and sounds like your firm, not a chatbot.

LiveThe five moves, and what each buys you3 min▶
few-shot voice enforced structure materiality filter no AI filler BOARD-GRADE DRAFT structured, specific, your voice GENERIC DRAFT vague and padded, sounds robotic = board-grade When you require every claim to cite a supplied figure, there is nothing left to pad with.
🔍 Click to zoom - five techniques turn a generic draft into board-grade
TechniqueEffect on the draft
Feed reconciled numbers and last period's commentary as a style example (few-shot)Draft copies your house voice, structure, and length - not the model's default register
Enforce structure: what changed / why / outlookEvery point becomes decision-relevant; no wandering paragraphs
Apply a materiality filter (e.g. "only variances over $50k or 5%")The board sees the three things that matter, not fifteen that do not
Fix terminology up front (gross margin, run-rate, opex - your definitions)Consistent language across sections and across months
Strip AI "tells" - demand specificity from the actual numbersKills generic filler ("various factors", "market dynamics"); forces "$240k, driven by the freight rate step-up"

The last one matters most for credibility. AI filler is vague because the model is guessing at meaning. When you require every claim to cite a supplied figure, there is nothing left to pad with - the draft either ties to your numbers or it does not, and you can see which instantly.

Few-shot is your secret weapon Paste last quarter's commentary and say "match this voice, structure, and length, using this quarter's numbers". One good example teaches the model your style faster than a paragraph of instructions ever will.
Self-studySpotting AI "tells" before the board does2 min read▶

Reviewers smell AI prose instantly, and it costs you trust. Learn the tells so you can strip them on the edit pass:

  • Vague causation. "Driven by a combination of factors" - if it does not name the figure and the driver, cut or replace it.
  • Hedging everywhere. "May have contributed to a potential shift" - the board wants a view, not a weather forecast.
  • Symmetry padding. A tidy sentence for every line even when only three lines matter. Delete the filler; keep the material.
  • No "so what". It describes the movement but never says what leadership should do or watch. That missing sentence is your job.
Real world

The commentary that got sent back. An FP&A analyst shipped an AI first draft nearly unedited. The CFO returned it with one comment: "This says a lot and tells me nothing." The numbers were right; the narrative had no view. The fix took ten minutes of human editing - and became the standing rule: AI writes the draft, a human puts the spine in.

✗ AI draft, unedited 'Driven by a combination of factors' 'May have contributed to a shift' No view - CFO: 'tells me nothing' ✓ Ten-minute human edit Names the figure and the driver States a view, not a hedge Adds the 'so what' for the board AI writes the draft, a human puts the spine in.
🔍 Click to zoom - AI writes the draft, a human puts the spine in
Part 3 · the reader lens that changes everything

Audience: write for the board 3 min live

The same numbers get written up completely differently for the board than for your finance peers. The board is time-poor, non-specialist on the detail, and there to decide. Write for them and the whole draft tightens.

LiveFour rules for board-facing narrative2 min▶
  • Concise. One screen, not three. If it does not change a decision, it does not make the cut.
  • Decision-relevant. Lead with what the board should notice, approve, or worry about - not a tour of every line.
  • Always the "so what". Every material point ends with the implication: what it means for the forecast, the covenant, the plan.
  • No jargon. "Run-rate opex" and "phasing" are fine internally; spell out the meaning for a mixed board. Clarity reads as competence.

Bake these into the prompt as instructions, and again into your edit pass. The model can follow "write for a time-poor board, lead with the so-what, no unexplained jargon" - but only you can judge whether it actually landed.

Demo 1 of 2

Draft board-grade variance commentary from a bridge ★ 12 min · everyone builds

You are given a synthetic variance bridge - actual vs budget by line. You ground the model with it, enforce the what-changed / why / outlook structure and a materiality filter, get a draft, then edit it into something you would actually send. Numbers are made up and safe for any consumer tool (rail one).

Open any chat AI. Copy the variance bridge below into your prompt exactly - these are the only numbers the model may use.

Ask for commentary structured as what changed / why / outlook, with a materiality filter so only the big movers get a paragraph.

Read the draft against the numbers. Does every "why" cite a figure? Is anything invented or hedged? Flag the tells.

Edit it. Cut the filler, add the real driver where the model guessed, and write the one "so what" sentence the board needs on each material line.

Re-run with last month's commentary pasted as a style example and compare - the few-shot version should need far less editing.

★ The variance-commentary prompt (grounded)You are drafting the monthly variance commentary for a finance team. Use ONLY the numbers in this bridge (Actual vs Budget, $000s): Line Actual Budget Variance Revenue 4,180 4,000 +180 COGS 2,560 2,380 -180 Gross profit 1,620 1,620 0 Sales & mktg 620 560 -60 G&A 410 420 +10 EBITDA 590 640 -50 Write commentary structured as: WHAT CHANGED / WHY / OUTLOOK. Rules: only comment on variances of $40k or more (materiality filter); every "why" must cite a figure from the bridge; if a driver is not in the data, say "driver not in data - to confirm" rather than inventing one; plain language for a time-poor board; end each material line with the "so what".
The "driver not in data" trick A bridge shows the size of a variance, not its cause. Forcing the model to say "driver not in data - to confirm" turns invisible guesses into a checklist of things you go and confirm. That is grounding doing its job.
Demo 2 of 2

Exec summary from a management pack - then edit the filler out ★ 8 min · build your own

Now the compression skill. You get a small synthetic management pack, ask for a one-screen exec summary, then do the human edit pass that removes filler and fixes the "so what" - the 30% that turns a draft into something a CEO reads and acts on.

Paste the mini management pack below. Ask for an exec summary of no more than six bullets, each decision-relevant, no jargon.

Read the draft as the CEO would. Which bullets describe rather than decide? Which hedge? Which bury the "so what"?

Edit pass: delete any bullet that does not change a decision, rewrite vague causation with the actual figure, and add the implication to each survivor.

Sanity check the tone: would you say this out loud to the board in the meeting? If not, plainer words.

★ The exec-summary prompt (grounded)Write a board exec summary from ONLY this management pack (synthetic, $000s): Revenue 4,180 (budget 4,000, prior month 3,950); EBITDA 590 (budget 640). Cash 2,300, down 180 on the month (one-off tax payment 220). DSO 52 days, up from 46 - two large customers now paying at 75 days. Order book 6,100, up 12% on prior month. Headcount 84, plan 90 - two open sales roles unfilled for 3 months. Rules: max 6 bullets, each decision-relevant, no unexplained jargon, every bullet cites a figure and ends with the "so what" for the board. Do not invent any number or driver not shown above.
Real world

The two open roles that were the real story. A raw AI summary listed all five metrics evenly. The human edit cut three, and led with the buried one: two sales roles unfilled for three months while the order book grew 12% - a revenue risk the board needed to fund now. Same numbers, completely different summary. The judgement about what matters is the human's, every time.

Homework

Try it yourself - this week ◐ 30-45 min total

Source material

Official sources covered

This session teaches from public finance-AI curricula. Certificates, graded assessments, and paid tooling stay with the official programs - noted honestly. This session covers:

✓CFI - AI-enhanced financial analysisParts 1-2 · turning analysis into board-grade narrative
✓Coursera - Generative AI Essentials for Finance & AccountingParts 2-3 · prompting for reporting, few-shot style transfer
◐MD&A / IR reporting conventionsPart 3 · audience framing; deep disclosure rules stay with the standards
Check yourself

Three questions before you go 🎯 ◐ 90 seconds

1 · Why feed the model the reconciled numbers and last period's commentary?

The numbers ground the draft so it ties to reality; the example commentary teaches your voice, length, and structure far faster than instructions. Together they cut editing dramatically.

2 · What is the point of a materiality filter in the prompt (e.g. "only variances over $50k or 5%")?

Board narrative should be decision-relevant. A materiality filter forces the draft to focus on the handful of movements that change a decision and drop the symmetry padding.

3 · The AI produced a clean, well-formatted variance commentary. Who owns the final word before it goes to the board?

Rail two. AI drafts; a human reviews, puts the view in, and owns every word that reaches the board. "The AI wrote it" is no defence to a director or an auditor.

Builder session 5 cheat sheet · pin this

The killer use-casenumbers to narrative - variance commentary, MD&A, exec summary, board bullets. Highest leverage, lowest risk.
Why it is safenumbers are already reconciled; it is a pure language task over supplied data. No silent arithmetic to trust.
Ground + few-shotfeed the numbers AND last period's commentary as a style example. Copies your voice, cuts your editing.
Enforce structurewhat changed / why / outlook. Every point becomes decision-relevant, no wandering.
Materiality filter"only variances over $X or Y%". The board sees the three that matter, not fifteen that do not.
Strip the tellsvague causation, hedging, symmetry padding, no "so what". Demand a figure behind every claim.
Write for the boardconcise, decision-relevant, always the "so what", no jargon. Would you say it out loud in the meeting?
Next sessionb6 - Excel / Sheets + AI: generate and verify formulas, clean data, keep the math in the sheet.