learn-ai-illustration-with-phoebe / Session 5 of 6
Learn AI Illustration with Phoebe · Session 5 of 6

Consistency is a pipeline

A head of marketing asks "can it look like us every time?" A designer asks "which flag do I use?" Session 1 said those are the same question and promised an answer here. The answer is that no vendor sells identity-level repeatability, two of them say so in their own guides, and the one control everyone assumes is exact is documented at ninety-nine percent. What does exist is a pipeline: four handles that each bind one thing and stop at a stated ceiling, a version that is locked and dated, a seed that is recorded, ten runs instead of one, and a named person comparing run seven to run one against the six sentences. Tonight is that pipeline, handle by handle, and the one card on rights that explains why the pipeline is also the version you can show you made.

🟠 Practitioners and leaders Bring the control sheet Bring the kit brief from the bench 45 min
0-3 · Welcome 3-18 · Four handles, four ceilings, one rights card 18-40 · Build-along: run it ten times on paper 40-45 · Q&A
Part 0

Where we start

The brief is good and the type is out. Daybreak's kit brief left session 4's bench with twenty-two anchors, four reference handles and a verdict of "wired to the kit": style reference set DB-01 to DB-04 at weight 100, the same mug and counter and light as asset DB-01, seed 4471 recorded, and the note "expect near-identical, not identical" written next to it. Now it has to be made six times and revised four times each, and the sixth must match the first. No vendor sells that as a feature. Two document the gap. The honest answer is a pipeline with four handles and a person at the end, and the control sheet you have been carrying since session 1 gets its last column tonight.

🎫 Clear all three quiz questions to stamp your passport Live = presented in the 45 minutes Self-study = the full depth, after class

★ What you walk out with tonight. The last column of the control sheet, filled: which handle carries identity and which carries style, what the seed is worth in the vendor's own words, how many of ten runs must pass before the kit is trusted, what happens when the default version moves, and the name of the person who compares run seven to run one against the six sentences.

Two neighbours, so you land in the right place. Copyright, indemnities, the court cases and provenance as a signature are learn-ai-design-with-phoebe a4. Disclosure duties and the EU dates are learn-ai-media-with-phoebe session 6. This page carries one card from that ground, the single fact the pipeline needs, and points at the owners for everything else.

Part 1 · covers the four handles

Seed, style, subject, adapter: what each one holds

6 min live

Every consistency control on the market is one of four things: a seed, a style reference, a subject reference, or an adapter you train yourself. Each binds exactly one property and each has a ceiling the vendor states in its own documentation. Knowing which handle holds which property is the difference between a set and six good pictures.

FOUR HANDLES, FOUR CEILINGS each binds one property; the coral line is the vendor's own limit, in its own words 1 · Seed --seed 4471 "(99% identical)" 2 · Style reference --sw 0-1000, default 100 style, not objects 3 · Subject continuity Edit Model, up to 4 images V8.1 and V8.2 4 · Adapter LoRA, a few hundred MB ~5 h on an 11 GB GPU CEILING not exact: one in a hundred no code from an upload fine detail may not match experimental; API may change No single handle carries identity. The seed is 99%, the reference is style, the adapter is a training job.
🔍 Click to zoom - four handles, each binding one property, each stopping where the vendor says it stops; identity is not on any of the four labels
LiveThe four handles and what they bind4 min▶

All read on 18 September 2026 from the vendors' documentation pages, and every one of them is dated on the control sheet because every one of them moves.

  • The seed binds the starting noise, so the same brief at the same version gives the same picture. Midjourney's compatibility chart puts the worth of that in two words: "(99% identical)" on V8.1 and V8.2. Not exact. One asset in a hundred is not the one you approved, and across six assets and four revisions each, that is a number you will meet.
  • The style reference --sref binds look and feel in proportion to --sw, which runs 0 to 1000 with a default of 100. The page says what it carries: style, "not objects or people". And a style code cannot be made from an uploaded image, so the approved mug is not a style; it is a subject, and this handle will not hold it.
  • Subject continuity is the Edit Model on V8.1 and V8.2: up to four reference images, and it replaced Omni Reference and Character Reference in one release. On V7 the same job was Omni Reference, one image at 2x GPU cost with --ow 1 to 1000. Google caps references per model (up to fourteen on the lightest, six object and five character and three style on the Pro). OpenAI's own guide says the model "may occasionally struggle to maintain visual consistency for recurring characters or brand elements across multiple generations". That sentence is the gap, documented by the vendor.
  • The adapter is the only handle that can carry identity, and it is not a flag. It is a training job you run yourself, and the self-study card below is about deciding whether to.

Read the four labels in the figure again. Style. Noise. Up to four images. A training job. Identity, the thing the head of marketing asked for, is on none of them. That is why the answer is a process and not a parameter.

Self-studyThe adapter, as a decision and not a workshop4 min▶

LoRA, per the Hugging Face Diffusers documentation, inserts "a smaller number of new weights" into the model and trains only those, producing adapters of "a few hundred MBs" that target the attention projections through PEFT. It is the one handle that binds identity, because it changes the model rather than persuading it. Three facts from the same page decide whether Daybreak should touch it.

  • It is a training job with a cost. The reference run in the docs is "~5 hours on a 2080 Ti GPU with 11GB of VRAM", for one adapter, on one base model, before anyone has judged whether the result looks like the brand.
  • It is a maintenance burden across base-model versions. An adapter is trained against one base. When the base moves, and the defaults have moved three times in fifteen months, the adapter is retrained or it drifts, and nobody will tell you which.
  • It is unsupported by the vendors whose models most people use. The Diffusers page itself is flagged "experimental and the API may change in the future". No hosted vendor in the table below offers it as a control. It is yours to run, yours to host, yours to keep working.

So the adapter is the decision "when nothing else will do": a recurring character on a hundred assets a year, a mascot that must be that mascot, a product whose shape is the brand. For six autumn roast illustrations and a mug, the Edit Model and a named person comparing outputs is the proportionate answer, and it costs nothing to maintain. The adapter is on the control sheet as a line that says "not this job, and here is the threshold at which it would be".

HandleCarriesVendor controlStated ceiling
Seed reuseThe starting noise: the same picture at the same version--seed on V8.x, any integer"(99% identical)", not exact
Style referenceLook and feel: palette, line, texture, light--sref + --sw 0 to 1000, default 100; codes via --sref <code>Style only, "not objects or people"; a code cannot be made from an uploaded image
Subject continuityThe same mug, counter, character across assetsEdit Model, up to 4 references (V8.1+); --oref + --ow on V72x GPU on V7; fine details "may not perfectly match"
Other vendorsReference images with a ceiling or a sliderGemini per-model caps (14 on Flash Lite; 6 object, 5 character, 3 style on Pro); Firefly Strength slidersOpenAI documents the consistency gap in its own guide
LoRA adapterIdentity: the one handle that canDiffusers training, small adapters "a few hundred MBs" via PEFT"experimental and the API may change"; "~5 hours on a 2080 Ti with 11GB"; yours to run and maintain

Read 2026-09-18 from docs.midjourney.com, developers.openai.com, ai.google.dev and huggingface.co. Every one of these moves; the date is part of the fact.

Part 2 · covers the pipeline

Locked, recorded, compared: the pipeline in one line

5 min live

Put the four handles in order with the four sessions behind them and the pipeline writes itself: a dated version, a reference kit at a weight, a recorded seed, ten runs instead of one, and a person comparing every output against the six sentences. Five boxes, one loop, and the loop is human.

THE PIPELINE, LEFT TO RIGHT each box is a recorded fact; the last box is a person session 1 session 2 session 1 tonight tonight dated version V8.2, 2026-07-24 reference kit four refs, --sw 100 recorded seed 4471, at 99% ten runs same brief, same kit a person compares against six sentences one in ten will drift reject on sight, re-run Nothing in the loop is a prompt edit. A drifted output goes back to the kit, not to the sentence. The version is locked, the kit is named, the seed is written down; the only judgement in the line is the last box. Every box is a recorded fact on the control sheet. The last box is a person, named on the same sheet.
🔍 Click to zoom - four boxes are things you write down and one is a person; the coral loop is the only quality control in the line, and it is human
LiveConsistency is a property of the process3 min▶

No single control gives identity. The pipeline does, because each step holds the one property its handle can hold and hands the rest downstream. The version is locked and dated, from session 1, so the encoder under every asset is the same encoder. The kit is named and weighted, from session 2, so style is a file with a number and not an opinion. The composition reference holds the zone, from session 3, so the picture leaves room for the type. The type never enters, from session 4, so nothing the model cannot do is asked of it. The seed is recorded with its ninety-nine written next to it, so a match is expected and a drift is not a surprise.

Then the step people leave off: a person compares every output to the six sentences and rejects on sight. Not "does it look nice", but "is the light from the left, is the mug the approved mug, is the grain the grain the sentence describes". That person is a step in the pipeline, not a check after it, and is on the control sheet by name. A pipeline whose last box says "someone" has no last box.

Self-studyWhat happens when the version moves4 min▶

Three defaults in fifteen months. The version will move under a live set, probably mid-campaign, and the pipeline needs a rule for it before it happens rather than an argument after. The rule has three parts.

  • When the default changes, the pipeline is re-run once on the kit. Same brief, same references, same recorded seed, ten runs. The outputs are compared to the six sentences, in writing, not to memory of what last month's tiles looked like. Memory is the thing that drifts.
  • If the kit holds, the control sheet gets a new date and nothing else changes. The set continues on the new default from the next asset onward.
  • If the kit does not hold, the kit is re-cut: the reference that carried the property that moved is replaced or its note is sharpened, and the ten runs go again. The earlier assets are not regenerated. They were approved under a dated version, they are on record, and a set is allowed to contain assets made under two versions if a person compared both against the same six sentences.
Real world

Daybreak's tile 3 drifted in the week the default moved from V8.1 to V8.2. The designer re-ran the kit brief once, ten outputs, and read them against the six sentences. Seven passed. In the three that did not, the light had moved to the right. She added "window on the left" to the composition reference's note, re-cut DB-04, and ran it again: nine of ten. Tiles 1 and 2 were left exactly as they were, because they had been approved under a dated version and the sheet said which one. The whole fix was one line of text and one replaced file, and it took less time than the argument about whether tile 3 looked off.

Part 3 · covers the one rights card

Why the two-layer asset is the one you can show you made

3 min live

One card, one source, two verbatim lines. The US Copyright Office's Part 2 report says which part of a model-made picture a person can hold rights in, and it turns out to be exactly the part the pipeline produces. Everything else about rights lives with the neighbours named in Part 0.

ONE PROMPT, ONE PNG prompt model one PNG US Copyright Office, Part 2, 2025-01-29: "prompts do not alone provide sufficient control" No arrangement. No modification. No record of a choice. A saved sentence is not a sequence of human decisions. THE TWO-LAYER ASSET, FROM SESSION 4 type layer, hand-set picture layer, lettering refused "creative modifications" the type set, the zone reserved "selection, coordination, or arrangement" two layers, placed by a person both on the control sheet The left is a saved sentence. The right is a documented sequence of human choices, and the sheet records it.
🔍 Click to zoom - the same two layers session 4 built for the type are the two layers the Copyright Office names as the part a person can hold
LiveOne card on rights, and where the rest lives3 min▶

The US Copyright Office published Part 2 of its report on copyright and artificial intelligence on 29 January 2025. Two lines from the PDF are the whole card. First: "prompts do not alone provide sufficient control". A prompt is a persuading layer, and the Office reached the same conclusion session 1 did, from its own side. Second: human authors hold copyright in "the creative selection, coordination, or arrangement of material in the outputs, or creative modifications of the outputs".

Read that second line against the pipeline. A composition reference that holds the zone is a selection. A style kit at a recorded weight, four files with names, is coordination. A type layer set by hand over a picture layer with the lettering refused is both an arrangement and a modification. The pipeline taught in sessions 1 to 4 is exactly the category the Office describes, and the control sheet is the record of it. The pure prompt, one sentence and one PNG, is exactly the category it excludes.

That is the one fact the pipeline needs from that ground. Copyright beyond this line, indemnities, the court cases and provenance as a signature are learn-ai-design a4. Disclosure duties and the EU dates are learn-ai-media 06. Both pages are current and both are owned by someone whose job it is to keep them so.

Self-studyWhy the control sheet is the evidence3 min▶

Look at what is on the sheet by the end of tonight. A dated version. A named kit with a weight. A recorded seed with its ceiling written next to it. A placement line for the zone. A type layer with the exact string and who approved it. A named person who compared ten runs against six written sentences and rejected three. That is a documented sequence of human choices, each one dated, each one pointing at a file or a page.

A saved prompt is not that. It is one input to a persuading layer, and it records nothing about what was selected, arranged or modified afterwards, because nothing was. The same sheet that makes the set consistent is the sheet that shows a person made it. Consistency and authorship turn out to be the same paperwork, which is the best argument there is for keeping it.

Build-along

Run it ten times, on paper

★ 22 min · everyone writes

Take the control sheet from session 1, with the "type set by hand" line from session 4's homework on it, and add the last column. Five passes, one line each, and the rule for the exercise: every line names a handle, a number or a person, and nothing is described in adjectives. No tool is needed. The pipeline is decided on paper before anything is generated.

Fill the last column. Add a consistency column with the four handles down it, and write what each one carries for this asset: seed 4471 carries the noise at 99%; DB-01 to DB-04 at weight 100 carry style and nothing else; the Edit Model references carry the mug and the counter; the adapter line says "not this job" and the threshold at which it would be.

Name the comparer. One person, by name, with the six sentences from session 2 in hand. Not a role, not a team. If two people share the job, the sheet says which of them decides when they disagree.

Write the ten-run rule. How many of ten outputs must pass the six sentences on sight before the kit is trusted for this asset. Write the number. Daybreak's is seven, and a kit that gives fewer is re-cut before any asset is approved from it.

Write the version rule. What happens when the default changes: re-run the kit once, compare ten against the sentences, new date if it holds, re-cut if it does not, earlier assets left alone. Two sentences, and the second one names who does it.

Sign the sheet. Date and initial it. The date is the version date and the read date of every docs page on it; the initial is the comparer's. This is the page that gets opened when someone asks why tile 3 looks different, and it is also the page that shows a person made the set.

Rule the last column on the session 1 sheet and head it "consistency". Four rows, one per handle, before anything is written in them.

Copy the seed and its ceiling from the kit brief: the number, and the two words in brackets from the version chart next to it. If the brief has no seed, write "none recorded, so no run can be repeated" and underline it.

Split the kit by handle. Which of the four files are style references and at what weight; which are subject references for the Edit Model. A file doing both jobs is doing neither, and the page says so: style, "not objects or people".

Write the comparer's name and staple the six sentences to the sheet. If the six sentences are not written down yet, that is the finding, and it goes back to the session 2 homework before this asset is approved.

Write the pass number and the version rule in the margin, in full sentences. Read them aloud to the person next to you; if they can act on them without asking a question, they are finished.

Date and initial, and put the sheet where the assets live, not in a chat thread. The sheet outlives the campaign; the thread does not.

If you take one thing from tonight. The person is a step, not a check. A check happens after the pipeline and catches what it can; a step is inside it, with a name, a written standard and the authority to reject on sight and send the run back to the kit. Every vendor's documentation says its handles stop short of identity. The person is where identity is held.

Homework

Before session 6

25 min
  1. Complete the control sheet for one real asset from your own work, all columns: version and date, kit and weights, ratio, seed with its ceiling, type set by hand, and tonight's consistency column with the comparer named.
  2. If you have a tool, run the kit brief ten times at a recorded seed and count how many pass the six sentences on sight. Write the count next to your pass number and notice whether they agree.
  3. Write the version rule for your organisation in two sentences: what happens when the default changes, and who does it. Show it to the person who would have to do it.
  4. Bring one asset your organisation shipped where you cannot tell whether AI was involved. Session 6 is about whether anyone else can, and what the evidence says happens when they do.
Check yourself

Three questions

Clear all three and session 5 gets stamped in your passport.

1 · What does a recorded seed actually buy you?

The version chart says it in two words in brackets. A seed reproduces the picture at ninety-nine percent on V8.1 and V8.2, which is why it is recorded and why its ceiling is written next to it. It carries noise, not style and not the mug. Identity is on none of the four handles' labels, and that is the reason the answer is a pipeline.

2 · Why is consistency a pipeline and not a parameter?

OpenAI writes that the model "may occasionally struggle to maintain visual consistency for recurring characters or brand elements"; Midjourney puts "(99% identical)" next to the seed and "not objects or people" next to the style reference. Each handle binds one property and stops. The set is held by the process that chains them, and the last step in that process is a person with a name.

3 · What does the Copyright Office's line mean for the two-layer asset?

Two verbatim lines from the Part 2 report, published 29 January 2025. The first excludes the pure prompt. The second names the categories a person can hold, and the pipeline from sessions 1 to 4 sits inside them: a chosen composition, a coordinated kit, a hand-set type layer arranged over a picture layer. The sheet that makes the set consistent is the sheet that shows who made it. For indemnities, the cases and provenance, the owning page is learn-ai-design a4.

Sources covered

What this session teaches, and where it came from

✓Midjourney Version chart, Style Reference, Edit Model, Omni Reference"(99% identical)"; --sw 0 to 1000 default 100, style "not objects or people", no code from an upload; Edit Model up to 4 images on V8.1 and V8.2; Omni Reference one image at 2x GPU on V7; read 2026-09-18
✓OpenAI image generation guideThe consistency limitation for recurring characters and brand elements, verbatim
✓Google Gemini image docsPer-model reference ceilings: 14 on Flash Lite; 6 object, 5 character, 3 style on Pro
✓Hugging Face Diffusers, LoRA training pageThe experimental flag, "a few hundred MBs", attention projections via PEFT, the "~5 hours on a 2080 Ti with 11GB" reference run
✓US Copyright Office, Part 2 report (2025-01-29)Two verbatim lines from the PDF: prompts alone, and selection, coordination, arrangement, modification; one card only
◐Rights, indemnities, cases, provenance, disclosureOwned by learn-ai-design a4 and learn-ai-media 06; pointed at, not restated

Every fact on this page, and its verification tier, is recorded in the course's source map.

Session 5 cheat sheet · pin this

Four handlesSeed, style reference, subject reference, adapter. Each binds one property and stops.
99%, style, four images, a training jobThe four ceilings, in the vendors' words. Identity is on none of them.
The adapter is a decisionHours on a GPU, retrained per base version, experimental API. "When nothing else will do."
Ten runs, a number, a nameHow many must pass on sight, and who decides. Both on the sheet.
Version ruleRe-run the kit once, compare to the sentences, new date or re-cut. Old assets stay.
One rights cardArrangement and modification are yours; a prompt alone is not. The sheet is the record.